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Common Hackberry

Celtis occidentalis

Compiled by · Reviewed against the 2024 Front Range Tree Recommendation List, CSU Extension & Plant Select® · Updated 2026-07-03

Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) is a tree suited to the Colorado Front Range, rated "Recommended" on the 2024 Front Range Tree Recommendation List. It matures to about 40–60 ft tall and 40–60 ft wide, needs low to medium water, and prefers full sun. Weak Wood; Animal Damage; Nipple Gall cosmetic.

Site fitRecommended
low to medium water40–60 ft tall and 40–60 ft wideXeric / water-wiseDeer-resistant
Online from $9.73 at 3 retailers

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At a glance

Rating
Recommended
Botanical name
Celtis occidentalis
Variety / cultivar
Common Hackberry, PRAIRIE SENTINEL®
Type
Tree
Mature size
40–60 ft tall and 40–60 ft wide
Mature form
Vase-shaped
Spacing / clearance
~60 ft of clearance
Hardiness zones
USDA 3–9
Growth rate
Moderate
Lifespan
Long-lived
Fall color
Yellow
Water needs
low to medium water
Sun
Best in full sun.
Colorado native
No
Foliage
Deciduous
Soil
clay, loam, sandy
Soil pH
6.0–8.2
Hail tolerance
moderate
Wind tolerance
high
Salt tolerance
high
Firewise (defensible space)
Zones 2–3 (keep it back from the house)
Pollinator value
low

Site factors to consider

Wildlife & ecology

Pollinator value
low
Deer
Generally deer-resistant

Common problems on the Front Range

These are general tendencies for this group of plants on the Front Range, not a diagnosis. Many are stress-driven and preventable with good siting and watering. For a specific plant or an active problem, consult a certified arborist or your local CSU Extension office.

Planting & establishment

Water deeply every 7–10 days through the first 2 summers. Winter water 1–2×/month October–March when soil is dry and unfrozen, winter desiccation is a top killer of newly-planted trees. Year 3: taper to 2×/month in summer, then rely on natural precipitation.

Frequently asked questions

Is Common Hackberry good for the Colorado Front Range?
Yes, Common Hackberry is a well-suited tree for Colorado's Front Range, rated "Recommended" on the 2024 Front Range Tree Recommendation List.
How big does Common Hackberry get?
It matures to about 40–60 ft tall and 40–60 ft wide.
How much room does Common Hackberry need?
Give Common Hackberry about 60 ft of clearance from buildings, fences, and other trees so the mature canopy isn't crowded.
What shape does Common Hackberry grow into?
Common Hackberry typically grows into a vase shape, a narrower base flaring to a high, arching crown that lifts over a patio or street. This is the species' usual mature form, named cultivars (columnar, weeping, or compact selections) can differ, so check the specific cultivar.
Is Common Hackberry hardy on the Front Range?
Common Hackberry is hardy in USDA 3–9. The Colorado Front Range spans roughly USDA 4b–6a, so it is well within range.
How much water does Common Hackberry need?
It needs low to medium water once established.
How fast does Common Hackberry grow?
Common Hackberry is a moderate-growing tree. Growth rate depends on water and site conditions on the Front Range.
How long does Common Hackberry live?
Common Hackberry is long-lived, a multi-generational tree given good siting and care. Actual lifespan varies with site, water, and care.
What color does Common Hackberry turn in fall?
Common Hackberry turns yellow in autumn. Fall color intensity varies with the season and site on the Front Range.
Is Common Hackberry native to Colorado?
No. It is not a Colorado native, but it grows well on the Front Range.
Is Common Hackberry deer-resistant?
Common Hackberry is generally considered deer-resistant, though no plant is deer-proof when browse pressure is high.
Is Common Hackberry a good firewise plant near the house?
Common Hackberry is suitable in defensible-space zones 2–3, best kept back from the house rather than in the area right against the structure. This is general suitability guidance based on CSU Extension firewise plant lists, not a guarantee that any plant won't burn, a well-irrigated, well-maintained plant is the goal. Follow CSU Extension defensible-space guidance and check with your local fire district before planting in the wildland-urban interface.
Is Common Hackberry prone to pests or disease on the Front Range?
Common Hackberry can be affected by hackberry nipple gall (cosmetic and other issues common to this group on the Front Range. These are general tendencies, not a diagnosis, many are stress-driven and preventable with good siting and watering. For a specific plant or an active problem, consult a certified arborist or CSU Extension.

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